Ultrasound Information |
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Ultrasound examinations are often suggested during pregnancy and to investigate gynecologic complaints. We feel that it is important to explain how this is done and what can (and cannot) be seen with an ultrasound machine. Ultrasound machines use high-pitched sound waves (250 times higher-pitched than can be heard by the human ear), transmitted through the abdominal wall to produce an echo image of the contents of the pelvis. By moving the transducer (the ultrasound transmitter) appropriately, different areas of anatomy in the pelvis can be visualized. The only discomfort (if any) is from mild pressure from the transducer. If it is very early in the pregnancy or if detailed visualization of the ovaries or uterus is needed, a slender transducer may be introduced in the vagina to visualize the contents of the uterus more easily. If an abdominal scan is to be performed, ultrasound conducting gel will be placed on the lower abdomen. If a vaginal probe is used, KY jelly or the equivalent will be used to make adequate contact between the ultrasound transducer and the body. The amount of useful information gained from an ultrasound examination depends on several factors. For instance, during fetal scans, the gestational age, maternal size and amount of amniotic fluid can limit the detail of an exam. During a prenatal ultrasound examination, we can see whether or not there are twins, which way the fetus is positioned in the uterus, the location of the placenta, fetal heart and limb motion, and the amount of amniotic fluid. In addition, measurement of various fetal parts can be made in order to estimate the age of the fetus and to assure that fetal growth is normal. Additional structures may be seen, but the above items are routinely checked on a screening fetal ultrasound exam. With gynecologic scans, the size, position and consistency of the uterus and ovaries can be judged. Despite advances in ultrasound equipment and in our ability to interpret the images produced, there are many things that cannot be seen on ultrasound examinations. While gross fetal or pelvic abnormalities usually can be ruled out, there are many subtle malformations that cannot be seen. An apparently normal ultrasound cannot be expected to guarantee a completely normal outcome; however, much valuable information may be gained that will help your doctors give you and your baby better care. There is no known risk to the patient or a fetus from ultrasound, according to extensive studies involving tens of thousands of children who have undergone these scans during pregnancy. However, because of the cost, time and possibility of unforeseen risk from them, ultrasound examinations are performed when a proper indication exists. |
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